Chapter 1 – Development
This chapter explains how development means different things to different people.
You learn indicators like per capita income, HDI, and sustainable development.
It also compares development levels of countries and states.
Chapter 2 – Sectors of the Indian Economy
The economy is divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.
This chapter explains GDP, employment, and why service sector is growing.
It also covers organized and unorganized sectors.
Chapter 3 – Money and Credit
This chapter explains how money replaces the barter system and makes trade easier.
You learn about banks, loans, and credit systems with real-life examples.
It also shows how borrowing can be helpful or harmful.
Chapter 4 – Globalisation and the Indian Economy
Globalisation connects countries through trade, investment, and technology.
This chapter explains foreign companies, MNCs, and how globalisation affects India.
It also covers the role of government in fair global trade.
Chapter 5 – Consumer Rights
This chapter explains the rights and duties of consumers in the marketplace.
You learn about the Consumer Protection Act, labels, and quality marks like ISI and AGMARK.
It teaches how consumers can protect themselves from exploitation.
Geography
Chapter 1 – Resources and Development
This chapter explains types of resources and how they are classified.
You learn about soil formation, soil erosion, and land use patterns in India.
It also focuses on sustainable development and resource management.
Chapter 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources
You learn about biodiversity, endangered species, and conservation methods.
The chapter explains deforestation and its impact on ecosystems.
It also covers government programs for protecting forests and wildlife.
Chapter 3 – Water Resources
This chapter explains the importance of water as a resource.
You learn about dams, rainwater harvesting, and water scarcity.
It also shows India’s major water resource projects.
Chapter 4 – Agriculture
Agriculture is the main occupation in India and provides food and raw materials.
You learn about types of farming, major crops, and modern techniques.
It also explains the role of government and technology in improving agriculture.
Chapter 5 – Minerals and Energy Resources
This chapter covers different types of minerals and how they are mined.
You learn about conventional and non-conventional energy sources.
It also explains the importance of energy conservation.
Chapter 6 – Manufacturing Industries
You learn about the role of industries in India’s economic development.
The chapter explains major industries like iron-steel, cotton textile, and IT.
It also covers pollution and the need for sustainable industrial growth.
Chapter 7 – Lifelines of National Economy
This chapter explains transportation and communication in India.
You learn about roads, railways, airways, and waterways.
It also covers international trade and the importance of tourism.
Civics